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IR remote extender Project

INTRODUCTION:


This project describes how to build an IR remote control extender / repeater to control your electronic appliances from a remote location.

An IR detector module receives IR signal from remote control and two IR leds are re-emitting the signal to the appliance. You can place the IR emitting leds close to the device you would like to control using some wire and keep main unit close to remote control location. In the image at the left LEDs are soldered on the board. The circuit consists of three main parts, the IR receiver module, a 555 timer configured as an oscillator and the output / emitter stage. We will describe circuit operation below.

Circuit is designed by Andy Collinson and can be found here:   http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk

IR Signal:

The IR signal emitted from a remote control caries the information needed to control the appliance. This signal consists of pulses that code 0 and 1 bits, instructing the appliance to do a certain operation. One of the most common protocols used to code the IR signal is Philips - RC5 protocol. The signal consists of two parts, the control pulses and the carrier wave as seen in the image below.

A common frequency used for the carrier is 38KHz and control pulses frequency is in the range of 1-3KHz. The carrier signal is modulated by the control pulses and the resulting signal is emitted by remote in IR band of electromagnetic spectrum. IR band is invisible to human eye. You can see if an IR led is emitting light or not using a camera. Point the camera to the led and you will see that light comes off.


Circuit description:

IR signal is received by TSOP1738. TSOP1738 is an infrared receiver at 38KHz. At the output of infrared receiver we get a demodulated signal that means we get the low frequency control pulses. Infrared receiver is powered from C1, R1 and Z1 that forms a 5V power supply. With no signal received, infrared detector output is high and Q1 is on, so pin 4 of IC is LOW and 555 timer is in reset state. Q1 also acts as a level shifter that converts 5V signal of TSOP1738 to 9V signal for IC1.
When HIGH control pulses are appearing on TSOP1738 output then timer 555 (which is configured as an oscillator) starts to oscillate at a preset frequency, for the duration of each data pulse. That means that at pin 3 we get a signal that is similar to modulated source signal. It has a carrier component and a control pulses component. Oscillating frequency of 555 timer is set by R4 and C2 and pulse period is given by:

T = 1,4 R4 C2

Trimmer R5 is used to fine tune oscillating frequency at 38KHz. That's equal to carrier frequency.   

          The output stage is formed from R6, Q2, one red LED, two IR LEDs and two current limiting resistors R7 and R8. Q2 is connected as voltage follower, that means when base of Q2 is HIGH transistor is ON allowing current to flow through LEDs. LED current is set by R7 and R8 according the following formula:
So IR LEDs are emitting a signal that is similar to the signal received by TSOP1738, that means it repeats the signal received at higher infrared radiation intensity. The red LED is used as an optical indicator of output signal. Circuit can be powered from a 9V battery.  





Parts List:

R1 = 1k 
R2 = 3k3 
R3 = 10k 
R4 = 15k 
R5 = 4k7 trimmer 
R6 = 2k2 
R7 = 470R 
R8 = 47R - 1/2W 
C1 = 47uF - 16V 
C2 = 1n - polyester 
C3 = 100uF - 16V 
C4 = 47uF - 16V 
Z1 = 5V1 zener 
Q1 = BC549C 
Q2 = BC337 
IC1 = NE555 
LED1 = red LED 
LED2,3 = IR LED 
IR receiver = TSOP138 or IR38DM



PCB:

Download PCB files in EAGLE format or PDF format

Testing:

Before powering the circuit, remove IR LEDs. With no input red LED should be off. Now press a button on a remote control, red led should flicker. If that's the case then your circuit should be working ok. Install IR LEDs. We found during testing that IR signal emitted from remote and IR signal emitted from circuit are interfering each other and that's make receiving device not to react on receiving the signal, this happens when IR from remote and IR from circuit's LEDs are on the same room. To solve that we must isolate the IR beam of remote control. To do that we used a thin pipe in front of infrared sensor as seen in photo below, so that the beam emitted from remote hits the sensor directly. Another solution to this would be to put the emitting LEDs on a different room.

Installation:

We installed the circuit on the wall the way you see on the photo below. You can see that remote control led is optically isolated from surround. You can also notice that one LED is remotely placed near the device we would like to control.

DOWNLOADS:

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE IR REMOTE EXTENDER PROJECT CIRCUIT IN .DOC FORMAT


CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE PCB OF IR REMOTE EXTENDER PROJECT IN EAGLE FORMAT







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Serial port interfacing using Visual Basic 10

serial-communication-using-Visual-basic-2010

INTRODUCTION:

The serial port on our computers are with us for quite sometime now. It is more favored than the parallel port for interfacing with the outside world because it require lesser wires and can go farther distance and can even be used with newer technologies such as Bluetooth using its serial port capability. In this tutorial is a quick start guide in communicating with the serial port using VB.net without any previous knowledge.





Before we start, VB.net 2010 must be installed. The installer can be freely downloaded from Microsoft.

Start Visual Basic 2010 Express and you will be prompted with the Start Page Window
Select on New Project and select Windows Form Application and give the Project a name, in this case I named it Serial Port Interface.

A blank form will be displayed named Form1. This is the main form which will contain all other controls.

















Click on the toolbox to show the  controls, you may want to click on the pin to disable the autohide feature


















Click on the form and change its name to frmMain (for easier identification specially when adding more forms). Also, change its name, in this case VB.net Terminal – Philrobotics. This name will be the one that will be displayed on the title bar.  Since this program is only a small program, we can disable the Maximize button by setting MaximizeBox value on the form’s property to false.
Let’s start to add some controls to our form. From the common Controls, add (2) two labels, (2) two combo box and (2) two buttons. Change the text of the first label to “Com Port:” and the second one to “Baud Rate:”. For the combo box change its name to cmbPort and cmbBaud for the purposes of easier identification when we will add the codes to our controls. Also, change the text of the two buttons, the first to “Connect” and the second to “Disconnect” and change their name to btnConnect and btnDisconnect. As you can see, I use cmb and btn prefix to refer to combo box and button same reason as above, for easier identification.

















Next, from the Containers add two Group box and change its text to “Transmit Data” and “Received Data”. Inside the Transmit Data group box, add a textbox and a button. Change the name of the textbox to txtTransmit and the button to btnSend, also change its text to Send. On the Received Data group box, add a Rich Text Box and change its name to rtbReceived. Lastly and the most important, add the SerialPort from the components.


















Now, we come to the next part, adding the instructions to our program. To start coding double click the form or press F7 to view the code. To add a code to individual controls just go back to the designer view or press Shift+F7 and double click a control to add code into it.
















For instance if we double click on the Send button on the designer view the Code Editor will take us to
Private Sub btnSend_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnSend.Click
On this Part is where we enter our codes.
End Sub









To complete our program put the following codes to the code editor:

‘Serial Port Interfacing with VB.net 2010 Express Edition
‘Copyright (C) 2010  Richard Myrick T. Arellaga
‘
‘This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
‘it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
‘the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
‘(at your option) any later version.
‘
‘This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
‘but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
‘MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
‘GNU General Public License for more details.
‘
‘ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
‘ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Imports System
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.IO.Ports
Public Class frmMain
Dim myPort As Array  ‘COM Ports detected on the system will be stored here
Delegate Sub SetTextCallback(ByVal [text] As String) ‘Added to prevent threading errors during receiveing of data
Private Sub frmMain_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
‘When our form loads, auto detect all serial ports in the system and populate the cmbPort Combo box.
myPort = IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames() ‘Get all com ports available
cmbBaud.Items.Add(9600)     ‘Populate the cmbBaud Combo box to common baud rates used
cmbBaud.Items.Add(19200)
cmbBaud.Items.Add(38400)
cmbBaud.Items.Add(57600)
cmbBaud.Items.Add(115200)
For i = 0 To UBound(myPort)
cmbPort.Items.Add(myPort(i))
Next
cmbPort.Text = cmbPort.Items.Item(0)    ‘Set cmbPort text to the first COM port detected
cmbBaud.Text = cmbBaud.Items.Item(0)    ‘Set cmbBaud text to the first Baud rate on the list
btnDisconnect.Enabled = False           ‘Initially Disconnect Button is Disabled
End Sub
Private Sub btnConnect_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnConnect.Click
SerialPort1.PortName = cmbPort.Text         ‘Set SerialPort1 to the selected COM port at startup
SerialPort1.BaudRate = cmbBaud.Text         ‘Set Baud rate to the selected value on
‘Other Serial Port Property
SerialPort1.Parity = IO.Ports.Parity.None
SerialPort1.StopBits = IO.Ports.StopBits.One
SerialPort1.DataBits = 8            ‘Open our serial port
SerialPort1.Open()
btnConnect.Enabled = False          ‘Disable Connect button
btnDisconnect.Enabled = True        ‘and Enable Disconnect button
End Sub
Private Sub btnDisconnect_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnDisconnect.Click
SerialPort1.Close()             ‘Close our Serial Port
btnConnect.Enabled = True
btnDisconnect.Enabled = False
End Sub
Private Sub btnSend_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnSend.Click
SerialPort1.Write(txtTransmit.Text & vbCr) ‘The text contained in the txtText will be sent to the serial port as ascii
‘plus the carriage return (Enter Key) the carriage return can be ommitted if the other end does not need it
End Sub
Private Sub SerialPort1_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) Handles SerialPort1.DataReceived
ReceivedText(SerialPort1.ReadExisting())    ‘Automatically called every time a data is received at the serialPort
End Sub
Private Sub ReceivedText(ByVal [text] As String)
‘compares the ID of the creating Thread to the ID of the calling Thread
If Me.rtbReceived.InvokeRequired Then
Dim x As New SetTextCallback(AddressOf ReceivedText)
Me.Invoke(x, New Object() {(text)})
Else
Me.rtbReceived.Text &= [text]
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmbPort_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles cmbPort.SelectedIndexChanged
If SerialPort1.IsOpen = False Then
SerialPort1.PortName = cmbPort.Text         ‘pop a message box to user if he is changing ports
Else                                                                               ‘without disconnecting first.
MsgBox(”Valid only if port is Closed”, vbCritical)
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmbBaud_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles cmbBaud.SelectedIndexChanged
If SerialPort1.IsOpen = False Then
SerialPort1.BaudRate = cmbBaud.Text         ‘pop a message box to user if he is changing baud rate
Else                                                                                ‘without disconnecting first.
MsgBox(”Valid only if port is Closed”, vbCritical)
End If
End Sub
End Class
After putting all the codes we are now ready to compile our project. To do this go to, Debug -> Build SerialPortInterface.  If there are no errors, It will indicate Build Succeeded at the status bar. 














The executable file of the compiled project is usually located at the bin\Release of the project folder.
To test if our program is working, short the TX and RX pin of your serial port and  press F5 or click on the green triangle. Each data that we send must also be received by our program. In my setup I’m using a USB-to-Serial Converter and is allocated at COM18.



DOWNLOADS:


CLICK HERE FOR THE PROJECT DOWNLOAD INCLUDING EXE


I Have also edited this so that it only displays the latest received values this application may be used where you need to know the recent updated sensor values for example current temperature. its ideal for feedback systems which uses serial com.


CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD  EDITED VERSION OF PROJECT WITH EXE


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